The Parisian club has now secured the prestigious cup on 14 separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic leveler followed by a successful penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions victory.
The European champions appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the match featuring the French league winners and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side fired twice in the closing moments to seize a surprise advantage. First, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital equaliser in the dying seconds to force the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving crucial attempts from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all converted successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 shootout victory.
Now 14-time winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this competition for the 12th time in the past 13 years.